This comprehensive guide will equip you with everything you need to know about folding knives. From understanding different blade types and locking mechanisms to selecting the perfect knife for your needs and learning proper maintenance, this article is your essential resource for navigating the world of folding knives, ensuring you make informed decisions and get the most out of your trusted tool.
Understanding the Anatomy of a Folding Knife
Folding knives, while seemingly simple, are complex tools made up of numerous components, each contributing to its overall function and performance. Key elements include the blade, handle, locking mechanism, pivot point, and often, additional features like a pocket clip or thumb stud.
The blade is, of course, the business end of the knife. It’s often made from different types of steel, each with varying levels of hardness, edge retention, and corrosion resistance, as well as different profiles like drop-point, clip-point, or tanto. The choice of blade material and shape dramatically impacts the knife’s intended use. For example, a highly corrosion-resistant stainless steel is ideal for humid environments, while a high-carbon steel might be chosen for superior edge-holding, typically used for general utility tasks.
The handle provides grip and control and can be made from a vast array of materials like steel, aluminum, G10, micarta, wood, and even carbon fiber. The handle’s ergonomics, texture, and mass play a crucial role in the knife’s comfort and usability in various tasks. A handle crafted from G10, for instance, may offer a more secure grip even when wet, while a wood handle might provide natural aesthetics. The construction, often including liners and scales, further influences the knife’s overall feel and durability. The pivot point is the joint where the blade rotates in and out of the handle; this pivotal point and the mechanism around that area are key to smooth action.
Blade Steel: What You Need to Know
The steel used in a folding knife’s blade is arguably the most critical factor in its performance. Different steels offer a trade-off between edge retention, sharpness, toughness, and corrosion resistance. Understanding these characteristics is essential in selecting the right knife for your intended use.
- Stainless Steel: This is a popular choice for its excellent corrosion resistance, which comes from having a high percentage of chromium. Common stainless steels found in folding knives include 8Cr13MoV, AUS-8, 154CM, and S30V. Stainless steels are generally easier to maintain and are suitable for everyday carry, especially if you live in a humid environment. While they may not hold the absolute sharpest edge or retain it as long as high-carbon steel, they offer a good balance of properties for general tasks.
- High-Carbon Steel: These steels, like D2, 1095, and O1, are not "stainless" and are susceptible to rust, oxidation, and corrosion if not properly cared for. However, many favor them because they often retain an edge very well and can take a very keen sharpness. They might require more maintenance, such as frequent cleaning and oiling after use, but the benefit of their superior edge holding capabilities make them popular amongst those willing to perform needed maintenance. The choice between stainless and high-carbon depends on your intended use and maintenance habits.
Common Blade Shapes and Their Uses
The shape of a folding knife blade significantly impacts its performance across different tasks. Each design has its strengths and weaknesses, tailored for specific applications or uses. Considering your anticipated needs when choosing blade profile and design will be helpful.
- Drop Point: This is perhaps the most common blade shape, characterized by a gently sloping spine that meets the cutting edge in a curved point. It’s a versatile all-around choice, suitable for slicing, piercing, and general utility use. The sturdy tip and strong spine make the drop point reliable for various tasks from cutting boxes to processing game. The design facilitates controlled cuts and offers durability, leading to its wide adoption.
- Clip Point: The clip point features a spine that comes to a concave curve near the tip, “clipping” off the end to make it thinner. This design gives the blade a finer point, making it ideal for piercing and detailed work, and makes the point thinner, therefore better at controlled cutting with the very tip. The clip point is often seen for hunting and skinning knives but also excels at delicate tasks requiring precision. The drawback of that very fine point is that it can be fragile without proper care.
- Tanto: Based on traditional Japanese swords, tanto blades feature a strong, angular point with a high spine and short, flat cutting edge that slopes to a point. This extremely sturdy point is exceptional for piercing hard materials and can endure heavy use, making it a favored choice for tactical and self-defense purposes. The tip is very strong but not as suited for fine work or slicing as other blade shapes. Tanto blades are robust, durable, and designed to withstand considerable punishment.
- Serrated: Many knives, regardless of their base blade shape, will also have a serrated edge either along part or all of the edge. Serrations are essentially tiny saw-edges ground into the blade that are incredible for ripping and tearing through fibrous materials like rope, webbing, and cardboard. Serrated blades often maintain their cutting capabilities even when dulled, making them a good addition to a folding knife. However, it can be difficult to sharpen serrated edges; some manufacturers do offer specialty sharpeners designed to address serrated blades.
Essential Locking Mechanisms Explained
A reliable locking mechanism is critical for safety when using a folding knife. It prevents the blade from closing unexpectedly during use, which could cause serious injury. Several types of locking mechanisms exist, each with different characteristics and advantages. Understanding how they work will help in selecting a knife that fits your level of comfort and safety needs.
- Liner Lock: A very prevalent and common locking mechanism, a liner lock uses a spring-loaded leaf of steel lining the inside of the handle that engages against the base of the blade when it is opened to prevent it from closing. When the blade is deployed and pushed home, the lock engages behind the tang of the blade and locks it into place. To close the knife, the user manually moves the steel liner away from the tang, allowing the blade to fold back into the handle. Liner locks are highly durable, comparatively straightforward to use, and well-suited for a variety of tasks.
- Frame Lock: Similar to the liner lock, the frame lock utilizes a portion of the handle itself (usually a titanium or steel piece) as the locking mechanism. When the blade is opened, the frame engages against the blade’s tang, locking the blade open. Frame locks are generally considered stronger than traditional liner locks due to their construction, often being thicker and more robust. Frame locks, like liner locks, are designed to be manually disengaged, meaning you must move the lock away from the blade with your fingers in order to close the blade.
- Back Lock: A tried-and-true mechanism, the back lock uses a spring-loaded bar that sits along the spine of the knife to hold it securely open. A "rocker" on the back of the handle is depressed to disengage the lock, allowing the blade to close. Back locks are known for their inherent strength and reliability, making them one of the safest locking mechanisms available. The design and location of the lock may sometimes require a two-handed closing operation, however. Back locks are typically found on more traditional designs, like traditional pocket knives.
- Axis Lock: Patented by Benchmade, the axis lock involves a spring-loaded pin that engages the tang of the blade and locks it open. It’s accessible using a thumb movement, allowing for both ambidextrous opening and closing with either hand. The pin pushes up against the base of the blade to lock it open, which can be done either with the integrated thumb stud (most commonly) or other methods using the axis lock itself. Axis locks are recognized for their both their strength and convenience, making them a favorite among many enthusiasts.
Selecting the Right Knife: Factors to Consider
Choosing the perfect folding knife requires carefully considering what needs you have, your personal preferences, and intended use. The right size, materials, and features can drastically impact your knife’s performance and your enjoyment of using it.
- Intended Use: First, consider the primary tasks you plan to use the knife. Will it be for light everyday tasks like opening boxes and letters, heavier-duty jobs like camping or outdoor work, or something in between? The overall size, blade shape, locking mechanism, and materials will be dictated by your intended use. People who need to cut through very tough and abrasive materials routinely (e.g., rope, cardboard) will need a very different solution than someone who only needs to open their mail.
- Handle Material and Ergonomics. A comfortable and secure grip is essential for safe and effective knife usage. Handle materials might include G10, micarta, wood, aluminum, or even carbon fiber. Consider the texture, shape, and feel of the handle, and how these elements interact with your own hand. Try out different knives in different materials to see what feels best. Pay attention to whether the handle feels too thin, too thick, or whether the texturing is not too rough but also not slippery.
- Weight and Carry: Think about how you plan to carry the knife. A heavier, more robust knife may be better suited for tasks where strength is needed, but a lighter option is preferable for everyday carry, where added weight can be an inconvenience. Also, pocket clips can be a key feature but are not always included with all folding knives. Consider how the pocket clip (if present) will affect your intended carry method.
Knife Laws: Staying Legal and Responsible
Knife laws vary widely depending on your location (city, state, and country levels), and it’s the responsibility of the knife owner to understand and follow them. It is very important to familiarize yourself with the local statutes before purchasing or carrying any knives.
- Blade Length Restrictions: Many jurisdictions have laws restricting the allowable blade length for knives that can be carried in public. For instance, a typical law may specify that the maximum allowed blade length is 3 inches for a knife intended to be carried concealed. Knowing and abiding by these limits is crucial to preventing legal issues. Laws are often created by both city and state governments which may contradict one another, so it is always wise to confirm laws at each level before carrying a knife.
- Permitted Lock Types: Some regions can restrict or even ban specific types of locking mechanisms. Some governments have concerns about "switchblade" knives which are knives that assist or "kick" the blade out of the handle using a spring mechanism. Similarly, some countries do not allow locking blades at all. Ignorance of local and national laws is not typically a viable defense in court, and compliance with applicable legislation is very important.
- Concealed Carry and Open Carry: Rules around concealed and open carry can vary widely. Some areas allow the open carry of knives, while other jurisdictions require permission or permits for concealed carry. Before carrying any knife, you need to understand how the laws affect both concealed and open carry.
Maintenance and Care for Your Folding Knife
Maintaining a folding knife is essential for its longevity and peak performance. Proper cleaning, sharpening, and lubrication can keep your knife in optimal condition for many years, and also help to prevent potential corrosion (especially on high carbon steel blades) and lock failures.
- Cleaning: After use, clean your knife with warm soapy water and a soft cloth. This removes dirt, debris, and any corrosive liquids from the blade and pivot. While ultrasonic cleaners for knife cleaning are not always recommended, you should clean all parts of the blade and dislodge any dirt or debris along the tang or pivot. Be sure to dry your knife completely to guard against rust, paying special attention to the pivot point. Use compressed air or a soft cloth to get all the water out.
- Sharpening: A sharp blade is safer & more efficient to use. Learn how to sharpen your knife using a sharpening stone, honing steel, or a guided sharpening system. The methods for sharpening may vary based on the blade material; some materials require more specialized tools or techniques. A good sharpening stone or guided sharpening system will serve you better and provide a finer edge than many automatic sharpeners.
- Lubrication: Regularly lubricate the pivot point with a small amount of high-quality knife oil. This helps the blade open and close smoothly and also mitigates potential rusting issues (especially on certain kinds of steel). Be certain not to over-lubricate the knife, using no more than a drop or two of oil.
Exploring Further into The World of Folding Knives
Once you have a solid base of knowledge about the fundamentals, you can delve deeper into the fascinating world of folding knives, exploring different brands, customizations, and collecting options. The more you learn about the craftsmanship and technology involved, the more appreciation you will gain for a good folding knife.
- Customization: The ability to tailor a knife to your specific tastes and requirements can further enhance your connection to the tool. Many people enjoy changing out handle scales, pocket clips, etc. to enhance the aesthetics of a knife. Many retailers sell aftermarket parts, but customization may require some basic understanding and practice before beginning. However, the benefit of a uniquely personalized knife is hard to deny.
- Collecting: For some, the appreciation of unique designs and varying steels can lead to the hobby of collecting knives. The world of collector knives is broad, with a wide variety of styles and price points. Collecting knives is a long-term hobby that will provide you with knowledge, appreciation, and beautiful (and functional) artifacts. Some collectors may limit themselves to specific eras or brands of knives, while others prefer to collect a diversified range of knives.
- History and Culture: The history of folding knives dates back centuries, intertwined with cultural traditions and practical applications. Delving into the evolution of folding knives will give you a deeper appreciation for your tool, and open up a whole new area of understanding. Many nations all over the world have developed their own unique historical influences on folding knife design.
Conclusion
The world of folding knives is diverse and captivating, offering something for everyone, from the casual user to avid collector. A firm handle on the anatomy, blade steel, locking mechanisms, and proper care ensures a safe experience when using them. Selecting a knife that aligns with your intended use, is comfortable to use, and legal to carry sets you up for success. Remember that understanding local knife laws are essential, and committing to routine maintenance will keep your chosen knife in top condition. The journey of discovery never ends, as there is always more to learn about these essential and versatile tools. Whether you’re seeking a reliable everyday carry companion or a unique collector’s item, a well-chosen folding knife will become a valuable tool in your life.
FAQ
What is the best steel for an everyday carry folding knife?
The "best" steel is subjective and depends on your needs and environment. If you prioritize corrosion resistance, a stainless steel like 154CM or S30V will be a good choice. If you need maximum edge retention and are willing to perform needed maintenance, a high-carbon steel like D2 might be preferred. Ultimately, a "good" steel can vary dramatically depending on your specific use case and needs.
Can I carry a locking knife everywhere?
No. Knife laws vary by location (including city, state, and nation). It’s crucial to research and understand the regulations in your area regarding blade length, lock types, and carry methods (open or concealed). Always err on the side of caution.
How often should I sharpen my folding knife?
The frequency of sharpening depends heavily on use. Sharpen your knife when you notice it becomes dull or its cutting ability diminishes noticeably. Regular light honing, even on a leather strop, is beneficial for maintaining the edge.
What is the best way to clean a folding knife?
Clean your knife using warm water, dish soap, and a soft cloth. Be sure to dry it completely afterwards. Never submerge the knife for extended periods. Consider specialized cleaner and protectors for knives as well if you are using your knife in humid conditions.
Does the locking mechanism make a knife more dangerous?
A well-designed locking mechanism makes a knife safer by preventing the blade from closing unexpectedly during use. However, a poorly made or maintained locking mechanism can fail and cause injury. Always inspect your locking mechanisms regularly.
I’m new to knives, what’s a good beginner folding knife?
A solid all-around knife with a drop-point blade in a stainless steel like 8Cr13MoV, 1045 or AUS-8, and liner lock should be good for a beginner. This would be relatively inexpensive and is very easy to maintain. Focus more on function over aesthetics. As the experience is gained, you will have a much more concrete understanding of exactly what is needed in a knife for your use.
What is the purpose of a thumb stud on a folding knife?
A thumb stud is a small projection on the blade used for one-handed opening. It allows you to smoothly deploy the blade with your thumb or forefinger. This feature makes knives more convenient and readily accessible.
How long can a folding knife last if properly looked after?
With proper care and maintenance, a high-quality folding knife can last for many years, even generations. However, factors like usage, steel type, and frequency of sharpening all play a role in its lifespan.